King Lear by William Shakespeare and Brave New World by Aldous Huxley Essay

King Lear by William Shakespeare and Brave New World by Aldous Huxley - Essay Example   Some citizens have made the choice not to live this way; others are considered â€Å"savages†. Both groups are made to live separately from society, either on islands or on far-off, restricted â€Å"reservations† (Huxley 101). In contrast, the story of  King Lear, set in England in the 17th century, gives the story of King Lear, a king whose thoughts of dividing his kingdom and then living out his days with one of his loving daughters are rudely interrupted, as he begins a long, slow slide into a world of madness, while plots against him swirl as others attempt to gain power through their own devices and interests.  King Lear and his family are not the only victims in this story, as bitterness and greed cause characters around him to vie for power. Both  A Brave New World  and  King Lear, while being on the whole very different stories,  share many tragedies, including parental abandonment, madness, and exile of characters, while the tragedy and sufferin g of characters ultimately leads readers to catharsis, as those tragedies play out to their respective conclusions.   Both  A Brave New World  and  King Lear  share parental abandonment, as both stories have parents that abandon their children willingly, but for different reasons. Linda, a woman who became pregnant in the â€Å"civilized world† and eventually gave birth to John the Savage, is forced to live on the â€Å"savage reservation† due to having committed what is known in this world as an atrocity, as babies are not born, they are â€Å"decanted† (Huxley 18). She has thus become the mother of the John the Savage, but cannot deal with this reality and abandons him for drugs, wishing nothing more than the "mescal" that a man named Pope brings to her (Huxley 125).   When she is returned to what she calls the â€Å"Other Place†, she only wants the drug â€Å"soma† that is freely dispensed to the people, ravishing herself in the wond ers of taking â€Å"holiday after holiday† (Huxley 154). John the Savage, her only child, is left to make his own way, both on the reservation and after. On the reservation, he suffers as a little boy from the remarks that the other children make about his mother, and from witnessing her being beaten by women whose husbands have slept with Linda (Huxley 165). He grows up in a solitary, lonely and bewildered existence, wondering why Linda does not love him (Huxley 167). King Lear also contains parental abandonment. Cordelia, the youngest daughter of King Lear, is asked by her father to tell him how much she loves him. Cordelia, who has been contemplating whether to tell him the truth or not, refuses to lie, telling him â€Å"That lord whose hand must take my plight shall carry, half my love with him, half my care and duty; sure I shall never marry like my sisters, to love my father all† (I.i.103-107). King Lear is at first shocked, but then tells everyone present: †Å"Here I disclaim all my paternal care, Propinquity and property of blood.† (I.i 115-118). Like Linda, King Lear has abandoned his child, though Lear does so not for drugs but because he does not believe that Cordelia loves him. Lear comes to regret his mistakes later, but is completely hard-hearted towards his daughter, as Linda was towards John. Fortunately, Lear finds forgiveness from Cordelia before things are

The political decision-making process Essay Example for Free

The political decision-making process Essay The political decision-making process BY Mrcheeks707 The political decision-making process is so irrational that a completely rational approach to health policy-making can hardly be achieved. Support, debunk or provide alternative paradigms or approaches to this statement, focusing on the development of a particular policy area you are familiar with, and using analytic tools and frameworks in health policy analysis. This paper will begin by briefly examining the role of the state in health and how the state or political system is structured to meet this obligation. It will then describe the types of policy, the stages of policy aking, and the uniqueness of health policy making. Having provided a solid foundation for understanding the political and policy making system, in the context of the Trinidad and Tobago scenario, it will delve into analyzing the policy making process, and directly answer the central question of the rationality of policy making in an irrational framework of government structure. Weather policy is taught of as an intent, strategy, hypothesis, objective, goal, principle, or a learning process, it should include what governments say they will do, what they actually do and what they ecide not to do (Walt, 1994). Buse, Mays Walt, (2005 cited in Gilson L, ed. 2012, p. 28) went on to say that health policy also includes decisions made by the private sector and other actions taken outside of the health system, which can have influence on diverse aspects of citizens health. Lipksy (1980 cited in Gilson L, ed. 2012, p. 8) also argue that Health public policy, the term used to differentiate from the broader public policy, is essentially the routinely daily practices of policy actors and their decisions that have been translated from the formal documents, which may ometimes be far removed from the original intent. Regardless of whether the broader objectives focused on in macro/systemic polices of high politics or the finer special interests objectives being met in mic ro- sectoral polices of low politics, there is a general public policy process that should be followed (Evans and Newnham, 1992). To fully appreciate the impetus for health policy making in the public sector, one must understand the role of the state in formulating polices. As most develop and developing countries had been steered to accept the Keynsian philosophy, that f assuming the dominant responsibility in the provision of health services to the public amongst other social services (Walt, 1994), by the 1980s most states were beginning to relinquish its role in the direct provision of services. Despite governments continued attempts to divest the provision of health services to the private sector, urged in part by the World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the diminishing resources of individual states, the critical health concerns of a nation will always mandate that some aspects of health care are treated at a central level. The complexities of health professionals training, controlling the spread of HIV and AIDS, and immunization of children, are too critical for a state to leave totally in the hands of private interest. So who or what is this state that has been entrusted with this responsibility of developing public policy, which ultimately impinges on every facet of citizens lives. This state, a subset of the wider political system, is composed of all the authoritative decision-making bodies of the society that maintains law and order while extracting and utilizing revenue, to provide services ncluding health ). Thus, based on the scarcity ot state resources, governments have no choice but to ration goods and services, even values, to varying and competing interest groups. This however, highlights the major flaw of the system model, in that it adopts the position that the state is impartial, and will distribute resources according to need rather than to the clout of interest groups. For one to fully understand the processes of policy making, one must examine it through the lens of policy theories. As macro theories place heavy emphasis on power in political ystems, which its effects are more systemic in nature than micro theories. While the more obvious internal political structure of a nation can facilitate or hinder participation in the policy making process, exogenous factors are a major yet less discernible factor. Therefore, it is dependent on the particular aspect of control that policy health actors are faced with, will direct the type of policy development processes undertaken. If the policy is within the control of Health, involves input to cross portfolio policy development, or involves input to intergovernmental policy evelopment. Amongst the many structures used to describe the policy processes Walt (1994) describes the most commonly used framework as a four step continuous cycle that moves through (1) problem identification and issue recognition/definition, (2) Policy formulation with clarification of policy issues and preferred options, (3) policy implementation (4) policy evaluation and review. Consultation occurs throughout this cycle. This was expanded upon in the NSW Health Department State Health Publication (1998) to include; a release of formal discussion paper and the evelopment of final policy paper, as two separate activities coming after policy formation. These two additional steps have become necessary, as the intended policy must be available to the general public and special interest groups, to illicit their views before it is adopted and sent before cabinet for approval. NSW Health Department State Health Publication (1998) provided twelve guidelines that will further assist in the rational process of a sound policy development process and promote the production of effective and high quality policy documents. These ecommendations places emphasis on the need to have prompt Justification about the reason for the policy, unambiguity as to who holds power over the final document to initiate the policy development process, and selecting appropriate person(s) and resources to undertake the process effectively within the required timeframe. There must also be consistency between micro and macro policies of the Government. NSW Health Department State Health Publication (1998) also urges that not only there should be timely participation of affected government stakeholders, there should be he lively discussion with Health Services and other key external stakeholders. Another area where Trinidad and Tobago can benefit greatly from is the recommendation that adequate testing be given for relevant options before implementation. Head (2008) would argue that for a truly rational approach to health policy making to occur, it must be centered on Evidence-based policy (EBP) making. This concept of EBP sits squarely in the Rational or Synoptic model, and reflects more of an aspiration that a state should acquire, rather than an accomplished outcome hat could be examined. The only way decision makers can realistically and comfortably make sensible selections would be through adopting EBP as a measure to guarantee dependability ot intormation regarding the efficiency and ettectiveness of adopting a particular course of action over other possible alternatives. It was under Prime Minister Blair, the then British Government saw the need for a more rational approach to policy making. They encouraged employing EBP as key trait in the new strategy to develop a logical method to policy development that will bring ncreased policy capability (UK Cabinet Office, 1999a cited in Head, 2008 p. 15). In Australia, Prime Minister Rudd (2008 cited in Head, 2008 p. 15-16) understood for there to be successful governance, decisions must hinge on ESP. In his 2008 address to the Heads of Agencies and Members of Senior Executive Service, he stated The Government will not adopt overseas models uncritically. Were interested in facts, not fads. Australian policy development should be informed by the best of overseas experience and analysis. Other measures include identification and resolution of inancial and staffing implications of policy. Consideration and response to consultation, communication, industrial and implementation issues. Provide for effective implementation and evaluation with performance targets, planning requirements and accountability arrangements identified. Effective use of Cabinet, Budgetary and Legislative processes of Government where required. Having reviewed these many components, hindrances, and best practices of rational policy making, tackling the fundamental question of the reality for there to be a rational approach to health policy-making? And is evident in Trinidad and Tobago, the answer will have to be no. This has become clear as in many instances the required processes that need to be undertaken are not always available to the policy makers. Issues with fully adopting a rational approach begin to surface almost immediately. From simply identifying what exactly the health system is faced with, to defining goals to address those problems, a plethora of impediments already exists to derail the intended logical policy process. Making rational decisions are also constrained by the decisions made by past administrations. This can be seen with the previous administration in Trinidad and Tobago, with the introduction of the CDAP. With such a program providing free prescription drugs for chronic diseases, often benefiting lower income groups, it would have been almost impossible for the new administration to reverse it, even after making negative statements towards such a program while in opposition.

Death Penalty as an Effective Method of Punishment Essay -- Argumentat

Death Penalty as an Effective Method of Punishment An issue that has continually created tension in today's society is whether the death penalty serves as a justified and valid form of punishment. Whenever the word "death penalty" comes up, extremists from both sides start yelling out their arguments. One side says deterrence, the other side says there's a potential of executing an innocent man; one says justice, retribution, and punishment; the other side says execution is murder. Crime is an evident part of society, and everyone is aware that something must be done about it. Most people know the threat of crime to their lives, but the question lies in the methods and action in which it should be dealt with. In several parts of the world, the death penalty has been apportioned to those who have committed a variety of offenses from the time of ancient Babylon to present-day America. The Roman Empire made use of the death penalty liberally, as did the Church of the Middle Ages. As history tells us, capital punishment, whose def inition is "the use of death as a legally sanctioned punishment," is an acceptable and efficient means of deterring crime. Today, the death penalty remains an effective method of punishment for murder and other heinous crimes. There is debate over the morals and effectiveness of such a harsh sentence. Most commonly, the death penalty is challenged as a violation of the Eighth Amendment, which says that the U.S. cannot use "cruel and unusual" punishment. Due to the fact that "punishment" is a legal infliction of suffering, it must be somewhat "cruel.† As for being unusual, it is anything but, due to the long history of its usage. People will plunder, take advantage of others, and commit cri... ...does not violate the cruel and unusual punishment clause. Capital punishment has proven to have good benefits upon the country in determining the consequences that criminals deserve. This is needed to ensure the safety and moral values of society. If this is the case, there is no need for us to consider the expenses involved in the death penalty. Certainly human lives are more important, for it may easily be yours. We should not abolish capital punishment, but hold our country accountable for properly exercising the death penalty upon those who deserve it. Works Cited Anonymous: "Death Penalty and Sentencing Information in the United States." Internet. "Death Penalty Statistics," North Carolina Attorney General's Office. 1997. Nancy Jacobs, Alison Landes, and Mark A. Siegel. Capital Punishment, Cruel and Unusual?. Wylie: Information Plus, 1996.

King Lear and Gloucester: Mirror Images Essay

King Lear tells of an old, senile ruler who, having given up his title, divides his land between his two villainous daughters, and his third daughter is exiled. Parallel to Lears situation is the sub-plot of Gloucester, whose bastard son betrays him and his legitimate son Edgar. Shakespeare undoubtedly intended for the characters of Gloucester and King Lear to mirror each other, and by comparing them and their outcomes me can see how closely related they truly are. Both King Lear and Gloucester are quick to anger, and thus their favoured children are quickly dismissed. Lear rashly decides to split up his land according to which daughters flatter him most. Cordelia tells her father she loves him according to [her] bond; no more nor less(I.i.l 92), angering the foolish King, who has her exiled to France. Gloucester is also hasty in writing off his son Edgar, from whom Edmund forges a letter stating he wants his father dead so he can have his land. Both characters are quick to anger, and quick to act, later lamenting the decisions they made. Gloucester and Lear both make impetuous decisions regarding their children, being blind to the treachery of others. Lear is blind to the malice of Goneril and Regan: They say they love him, merely to get his land. They even lock him out of Gloucesters castle during a storm. Like Lear, Gloucester instantly believes the letter he is shown, being blind to the lies Edmund tells about Edgar. Edmund further manipulates the situation, betraying his father, and consequently Gloucester has his eyes ripped out. When Lear comes upon him, Gloucester being then literally blind, he astutely observes that a man may see how [the] world goes with no eyes(IV.vi.ll.146-47). Luckily for Gloucester, he is recovered by Edgar, who bec[omes] his guidesav[ing] him from despair, using various disguises. This is echoed by Cordelia, who comes to England with the French army to recover Lear from his mad wanderings in the countryside. Cordelia does save her father, just as Edgar defends his father from Oswald. Both characters are rescued by their favoured children, though later they both die. It is clear that many similarities exist between Gloucester and King Lear,  not only in character, but in their actions and outcomes. By taking a look at how the two characters are alike in King Lear, we may also further appreciate their differences. Bibliography: King Lear, by William Shakespeare

Literature Search

Grap, Mary. ,Munro, Cindy. , Hummel, Russel. , Jessica. , Elswick, and Sessler Curtis. 2005. Effect of Backrest Elevation on the Development of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia. AACN. Retrieved from ajcc. aacnjournals. org on March 3, 2012. Abstract †¢ Background Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a common complication of mechanical ventilation. Backrest position and time spent supine are critical risk factors for aspiration, increasing the risk for pneumonia. Empirical evidence of the effect of backrest positions on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, especially during mechanical ventilation over time, is limited. Objective To describe the relationship between backrest elevation and development of ventilator-associated pneumonia. †¢ Methods : It is a nonexperimental, longitudinal, descriptive design was used. The Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score was used to determine ventilator-associated pneumonia. Backrest elevation was measured continuously with a transdu cer system. Data were obtained from laboratory results and medical records from the start of mechanical ventilation up to 7 days. †¢ Results Sixty-six subjects were monitored (276 patient days).Mean backrest elevation for the entire study period was 21. 7 °. Backrest elevations were less than 30 ° 72% of the time and less than 10 ° 39% of the time. The mean Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score increased but not significantly, and backrest elevation had no direct effect on mean scores. A model for predicting the Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score at day 4 included baseline score, percentage of time spent at less than 30 ° on study day 1, and score on the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, explaining 81% of the variability (F=7. 1, P=. 003). Literature Search 3 †¢ Conclusions Subjects spent the majority of the time at backrest elevations less than 30 °. Only the combination of early, low backrest elevation and severity of illness affected the incidenc e of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Amelia Ross. (2006). The impact of an evidence-based practice education program on the role of oral care in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Retrieved from, www. elsevierhealth. com/journals/iccn. on March 2, 2012.Abstract BACKGROUND: Despite strong evidence in the literature on the role of oral care in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), nurses continue to view oral care as a comfort measure with low priority and utilize foam swabs rather than toothbrushes. Although an evidence-based oral care protocol existed and best-practice oral care tools were available, the VAP rates had not significantly decreased even though nurses reported providing oral care. OBJECTIVES:The aim of the study was to determine if an evidence-based practice (EBP) educational program would improve the quality of oral care delivered to mechanically ventilated patients; thereby, reducing the VAP rate. RESULTS: Improvement in oral health was demonstrated by a decrease in median scores on the Oral Assessment Guide (pre (11. 0), post (9. 0)). A t-test analysis revealed a statistically significant difference (p=0. 0002). The frequency of oral care documentation also improved as demonstrated by a positive shift to the more frequent timeframes. The VAP rates have decreased by 50% following the EBP education Literature Search 4 ntervention. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of an EBP educational program focused on patient outcome rather than a task to be performed improved the quality of oral care delivered by the nursing staff. Carolyn L. , Cason, Tracy, Tyner. , Sue, Saunders, Lisa, Broom. , 2007. Nurses Implementation of Guidelines for Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. AACN. Retrieved from ajcc. aacnjournals. org on March 1, 2012. Abstract †¢ Background Ventilator-associated pneumonia accounts for 47% of infections in patients in intensive care units.Adherence to t he best nursing practices recommended in the 2003 guidelines for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention should reduce the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia. †¢ Objective To evaluate the extent to which nurses working in intensive care units implement best practices when managing adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation. †¢ Methods Nurses attending education seminars in the United States completed a 29-item questionnaire about the type and frequency of care provided. †¢ Results Twelve hundred nurses completed the questionnaire.Most (82%) reported compliance with hand-washing guidelines, 75% reported wearing gloves, half reported elevating the head of the bed, a third reported performing subglottic suctioning, and half reported having an oral care protocol in their hospital. Nurses in hospitals with an oral care protocol reported better compliance with hand washing and maintaining head-of-bed el evation, were more likely to regularly provide oral care, and were more familiar with rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia and the organisms involved than were nurses working in hospitals without such protocols.Literature Search5 †¢ Conclusions The guidelines for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are not consistently or uniformly implemented. Practices of nurses employed in hospitals with oral care protocols are more often congruent with the guidelines than are practices of nurses employed in hospitals without such protocols. Significant reductions in rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia may be achieved by broader implementation of oral care protocols. Grap, Mary. ,Munro, Cindy. , Hummel, Russel. , Jessica. Elswick, and Sessler Curtis. 2005. Effect of Backrest Elevation on the Development of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia. AACN. Retrieved from ajcc. aacnjournals. org on March 3, 2012. Abstract †¢ Background Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a common complication of mechanical ventilation. Backrest position and time spent supine are critical risk factors for aspiration, increasing the risk for pneumonia. Empirical evidence of the effect of backrest positions on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, especially during mechanical ventilation over time, is limited. Objective To describe the relationship between backrest elevation and development of ventilator-associated pneumonia. †¢ Methods : It is a nonexperimental, longitudinal, descriptive design was used. The Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score was used to determine ventilator-associated pneumonia. Backrest elevation was measured continuously with a transducer system. Data were obtained from laboratory results and medical records from the start of mechanical ventilation up to 7 days. †¢ Results Sixty-six subjects were monitored (276 patient days).Mean backrest elevation for the entire study period was 2 1. 7 °. Backrest elevations were less than 30 ° 72% of the time and less than 10 ° 39% of the time. The mean Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score increased but not significantly, and backrest elevation had no direct effect on mean scores. A model for predicting the Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score at day 4 included baseline score, percentage of time spent at less than 30 ° on study day 1, and score on the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, explaining 81% of the variability (F=7. 1, P=. 003). Literature Search 3 †¢ Conclusions Subjects spent the majority of the time at backrest elevations less than 30 °. Only the combination of early, low backrest elevation and severity of illness affected the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Amelia Ross. (2006). The impact of an evidence-based practice education program on the role of oral care in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Retrieved from, www. elsevierhealth. com/journals/iccn. on March 2, 2012.Abstract BACKGROUND: Despite strong evidence in the literature on the role of oral care in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), nurses continue to view oral care as a comfort measure with low priority and utilize foam swabs rather than toothbrushes. Although an evidence-based oral care protocol existed and best-practice oral care tools were available, the VAP rates had not significantly decreased even though nurses reported providing oral care. OBJECTIVES:The aim of the study was to determine if an evidence-based practice (EBP) educational program would improve the quality of oral care delivered to mechanically ventilated patients; thereby, reducing the VAP rate. RESULTS: Improvement in oral health was demonstrated by a decrease in median scores on the Oral Assessment Guide (pre (11. 0), post (9. 0)). A t-test analysis revealed a statistically significant difference (p=0. 0002). The frequency of oral care documentation also improved as demonstrated by a positive shift to the more frequent timeframes. The VAP rates have decreased by 50% following the EBP education Literature Search 4 ntervention. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of an EBP educational program focused on patient outcome rather than a task to be performed improved the quality of oral care delivered by the nursing staff. Carolyn L. , Cason, Tracy, Tyner. , Sue, Saunders, Lisa, Broom. , 2007. Nurses Implementation of Guidelines for Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. AACN. Retrieved from ajcc. aacnjournals. org on March 1, 2012. Abstract †¢ Background Ventilator-associated pneumonia accounts for 47% of infections in patients in intensive care units.Adherence to the best nursing practices recommended in the 2003 guidelines for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention should reduce the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia. †¢ Objective To evaluate the extent to which nurses working in intensive care units implement best practices when managing adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation. †¢ Methods Nurses attending education seminars in the United States completed a 29-item questionnaire about the type and frequency of care provided. †¢ Results Twelve hundred nurses completed the questionnaire.Most (82%) reported compliance with hand-washing guidelines, 75% reported wearing gloves, half reported elevating the head of the bed, a third reported performing subglottic suctioning, and half reported having an oral care protocol in their hospital. Nurses in hospitals with an oral care protocol reported better compliance with hand washing and maintaining head-of-bed elevation, were more likely to regularly provide oral care, and were more familiar with rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia and the organisms involved than were nurses working in hospitals without such protocols.Literature Search5 †¢ Conclusions Th e guidelines for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are not consistently or uniformly implemented. Practices of nurses employed in hospitals with oral care protocols are more often congruent with the guidelines than are practices of nurses employed in hospitals without such protocols. Significant reductions in rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia may be achieved by broader implementation of oral care protocols.

How to Write a Book Review

How to Write a Book Review How to Write a Book Review Book reviews could be found in almost every newspaper or internet portal. There are different types of reviews. Some of them only introduce their readers to the particular book, other try to go deeper and to carry out a real analysis of the book. In our times of modern technologies and internet, it is better not to copy the practice of many internet users to write a short description of a book. Short reviews are easy to be written and also do not â€Å"waste† the time of the reader, but still they are not able to shed light on the book described. Hence, as it seems, not so many people know how to write a book review in the proper sense of the term. Your approach towards writing a book review needs to be based on three key elements: knowledge, interpretation and advice. Let’s check each of them in order to better explain the process of writing a book review. Knowledge If this task is assigned to you, and you hesitate what to write and how to do it, you are probably not a very experienced author. You should start from reading critical analyses and commentaries of the books. By reading them, you will know how to structure the paper, how to read the book itself, and how to discover the key meanings of the book in question. Analyses are boring in almost all cases, but you need to train your mind in this direction. Afterwards you have to start reading professional book reviews not written by readers, as it is with the web site Amazon.com for instance, but professional reviews in specialized newspapers and magazines. The final step of this stage includes reading a lot about your particular author- biography, achievements, interests, critical reception. Now you are ready to go to the second stage- interpretation and understanding. Interpretation of the book Your task involves not only a description of the book, but expressing your personal opinion on it as well. Be careful while dealing with them both: discern the one from the other. Your description needs to be adequate and realistic. Describe the main characters, their interactions and the plot. This description should not exceed one-fourth of the review. Of course, the good description requires an excellent understanding from you. There are some complicated plots which could leave every reader in the darkness. If this is the case, read other analyses, thus you will be able to notice key messages which otherwise will be incomprehensible for you. Now, it is time to discover the meaning of the book. What does the author intend to say? How does he/she say it? Perhaps several views on life are interwoven here: the advantage of novels is the diversity of characters â€Å"inhabiting† them; the same could be said about volumes with short stories. Thus, you will not be able to perfectly interpret a book; but your task is to elaborate an adequate interpretation. Advice for writing a book review The last stage of writing the paper turns around expressing your personal opinion on the book. Here you may allow yourself to be more subjective. Tell why you like, or do not like the book; what flaws you have found in it; what are its advantages. However, you should avoid extreme comments, and also to let the reader analyze the book for themselves. In this sense, you need to be pluralistic, in order to show respect for the reader. You must be confident while starting your work. Readers do not feel sympathy for reviewers who seem confused or incompetent. For that reason revise your paper several times as refine it in the best possible way. How to Write a Book Review How to Write a Book Review A company providing support in all kinds of book review writing can be a good source of help when you need a book review. Books related to any discipline and of any kind can be reviewed excellently by following the instructions. If you do not know how to do a book review writing, do not get upset as we are here to help you. So, follow the instructions given below for book review writing: Read the book for which you are going to do book review writing. While reading, summarize all the chapters in your own words. Evaluate the book. Closely look into the writing style of author, what words he/she uses mostly, how he/she has managed to deliver his/her views regarding the main topic and what theme he/she has followed to write the book. Try to find out the centre of the book, the main idea around which the whole text is revolving. Find out the strong and weak aspects of the writer which he/she has shown in his/her writing. Highlight the strong and weak points in your review writing. Try to find out how the writer has justified his/her claims that he/she made in his/her written work. Introduce the text clearly. Conclude in the last. Remember writing book reviews is a small exercise, you should not write a number of pages for it. Try to cut it short. First of all do the drafting for book review writing, then check it and write it with amendments. Try to keep the review as simple as you can. Moreover, it should be easily understandable. If you are still in need of assistance, contact us and we will resolve all of your problems related to book review writing.

Explaining Relative Clauses in Latin

Explaining Relative Clauses in Latin Relative clauses in Latin refer to clauses introduced by relative pronouns or relative adverbs. The relative clause construction includes a main or independent clause modified by its dependent of subordinate clause. It is the subordinate clause that holds the relative pronoun or relative adverb giving its name to this type of clause. The subordinate clause usually also contains a finite verb. Latin uses relative clauses where you might sometimes find a participle or a simple appositive in English. pontem qui erat ad Genavamthe bridge (which was) at GenevaCaesar .7.2 Antecedents... or Not Relative clauses modify the noun or pronoun of the main clause. The noun in the main clause is referred to as the antecedent. This is true even when the antecedent comes after the relative pronoun.This antecedent noun can even appear within the relative clause.Finally, an antecedent that is an in indefinite may not appear at all. ut quae bello ceperint quibus vendant habeantthat they may have (people) to whom to sell what they take in warCaesar De Bello Gallico 4.2.1 Markers of the Relative Clause The relative pronouns are normally: Qui, Quae, Quod orquicumque, quecumque, and quodcumque) orquisquid, quidquid. quidquid id est, timeÃ…  DanaÃ… s et dÃ… na ferentÄ“swhatever it is, I fear the Greeks even when they offer gifts.Vergil .49 These relative pronouns agree in gender, person (if relevant), and number with the antecedent (the noun in the main clause that is modified in the relative clause), but its case is usually determined by the construction of the dependent clause, although occasionally, it comes from its antecedent. Here are three examples from Bennetts New Latin Grammar. The first two show the relative pronoun taking its case from the construction and the third shows it taking it from either the construction or the antecedent, but its number comes from an unspecified term in the antecedent: mulier quam vidÄ“bÄ musthe woman whom we sawbona quibus fruimusthe blessings which we enjoypars quÄ « bÄ“stiÄ «s objectÄ « sunta part (of the men) who were thrown to beasts. Harkness notes that in poetry sometimes the antecedent can take the case of the relative and even be incorporated into the relative clause, where the relative agrees with the antecedent. An example he gives comes from Vergil: Urbem, quam statuo, vestra estThe city, which I am building is yours..573 The relative adverbs are normally: ubi, unde, quo, orqua. nihil erat quo famem tolerarentthere was no means by which they could relieve their starvationCaesar .28.3 Latin uses the adverbs more than in English. Thus instead of the man from whom you heard it, Cicero says the man whence you heard it: is unde te audisse dicisCicero De Oratore. 2.70.28 Relative Clause vs. Indirect Question Sometimes these two constructions are indistinguishable. Sometimes it makes no difference; other times, it changes the meaning. Relative Clause: effugere nÄ“mÃ…  id potest quod futÃ… «rum estno one can escape what is destined to come to passIndirect Question: saepe autem ne Ã… «tile quidem est scÄ «re quid futÃ… «rum sitbut often it is not even useful to know what is coming to pass. Sources: Complex Sentences, Grammaticalization, Typology, by Philip Baldi. Published: 2011 by Walter de Gruyter The Confusion of the Indirect Question and the Relative Clause in Latin, by A. F. Brunlich; Classical Philology, Vol. 13, No. 1 (Jan., 1918), pp. 60-74. Straightening out the Latin Sentence, by Katherine E. Carver; , Vol. 37, No. 3 (Dec., 1941), pp. 129-137. Examples From Allen and Greenoughs New Latin Grammar, Hale and Bucks A Latin Grammar, Bennetts New Latin Grammar, and Harkness Latin Grammar